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The northern cardinal (''Cardinalis cardinalis'') is a North American bird in the genus ''Cardinalis''; it is also known colloquially as the redbird or common cardinal. It can be found in southern Canada, through the eastern United States from Maine to Texas and south through Mexico. It is found in woodlands, gardens, shrublands, and swamps. The northern cardinal is a mid-sized songbird with a body length of . It has a distinctive crest on the head and a mask on the face which is black in the male and gray in the female. The male is a vibrant red, while the female is a dull reddish olive. The northern cardinal is mainly granivorous, but also feeds on insects and fruit. The male behaves territorially, marking out his territory with song. During courtship, the male feeds seed to the female beak-to-beak. A clutch of three to four eggs is laid, and two to four clutches are produced each year. It was once prized as a pet, but its sale as a cage bird was banned in the United States by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918. ==Taxonomy== The northern cardinal is one of three birds in the genus ''Cardinalis'' and is included in the family Cardinalidae, which is made up of passerine birds found in North and South America. The northern cardinal was one of the many species originally described by Linnaeus in his 18th-century work, ''Systema Naturae''.〔 〕 It was initially included in the genus ''Loxia'', which now contains only crossbills. In 1838, it was placed in the genus ''Cardinalis'' and given the scientific name ''Cardinalis virginianus'', which means "Virginia cardinal". In 1918, the scientific name was changed to ''Richmondena cardinalis'' to honor Charles Wallace Richmond, an American ornithologist. In 1983, the scientific name was changed again to ''Cardinalis cardinalis'' and the common name was changed to "northern cardinal", to avoid confusion with the seven other species also termed cardinals.〔 The common name, as well as the scientific name, of the northern cardinal refers to the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church, who wear distinctive red robes and caps. The term "northern" in the common name refers to its range, as it is the northernmost cardinal species.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northern cardinal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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